1 Peter 4. Peter opens this chapter by reminding his readers that they have a new life in Christ, which should be reflected in a new lifestyle. A believer’s new identity in Christ means that the old self and the old way of life has been crucified (Galatians 2:20). In Christ, a believer is to live for the rest of the time in the flesh no longer for human passions but for the will of God (4:2).

The ways of a believer’s old life are to be left behind: For the time that has passed suffices for doing what the gentiles want to do, living in sensuality, passions, drunkenness, orgies, drinking parties, and lawless idolatry (4:3). This time is past. However, sometimes old friends may try to drag a believer out partying and back into their old way of life. Believers must resist this temptation, even if others do not understand. With respect to this they are surprised when you do not join them in the same flood of debauchery, and they malign you. But they will give account to him who is ready to judge the living and the dead (4:4-5). A believer must not forget that all people will be held to account by God for how they have lived their lives. Our conduct in the world is significant.

Believers are reminded how they should be living instead. Be self-controlled and sober minded. Above all keep loving each other earnestly, since love covers a multitude of sins. Show hospitality to one another without grumbling. As each has received a gift, use it to serve one another as good stewards of God’s varied grace (4:7-10).

Finally, Peter returns to the topic of suffering, which he first addressed chapter 1. In this section Peter encourages an appropriate response when one is suffering simply for being a follower of Christ. Beloved do not be surprised at the fiery trial when it comes upon you to test you as though something strange were happening to you. But rejoice insofar as you share Christ’s sufferings (4:12). Christ suffered and warned his followers that they would also suffer hardship because of their association with the name of Christ. (He reminds everyone that if you do wrong – murderer, thief, evildoer, meddler – you obviously should not be surprised by suffering!)

Yet if you suffer simply for being a Christian, do not be ashamed but allow it to bring glory to God (4:16). A believer’s response to suffering because of being associated with Christ, is to simply lean on God in faith. Therefore, let those who suffer according to God’s will and trust their souls to a faithful creator while doing good (4:19).